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Cancer Detection and Prevention Volume 26 / Issue 1 (Jan-Feb 2002)Table of Contents and Editor's NotesThe peer review process occasionally results in approval of controversial publications that do not necessarily reflect the viewpoint of the editors. Readers of the journal are encouraged to critically review and comment on presented data by submitting a "Letter to the Editor" that may be reprinted in a subsequent issue. Carcinogenicity and mechanism of action of fumonisin B1: a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme (F. verticillioides)Fumonisin B1 increased the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in male rats, but it did not increase the rate of any tumors in females. In female mice only, a dose-related increase in the incidence of kidney adenomas and carcinomas was observed. >>> Effect of nucleotide substitutions in N-acetyltransferase-l on N-acetylation (deactivation) and V-acetylation (activation) of arylarnine carcinogens: implications for cancer predispositionLarge reductions in N-acetylation of 4-amino-biphenyl and O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene were observed for genetic polymorphism in N-acetyltransferase alloenzymes suggesting modification of cancer susceptibility following exposure to aromatic amine carcinogens >>> Differences in N-acetylation genotypes between Caucasians and Black South Africans: implications for cancer preventionPronounced differences were found in the distribution of N-acetylation polymorphisms between United Kingdom Caucasians and South African Blacks. Rapid acetylation in the South African Blacks was mostly determined by the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase NAT2*12 alleles and rarely found in other populations. >>> Oral contraceptives and risk of familial breast cancerThe risk for breast cancer appeared higher for women who have used oral contraceptives (OCs) up to 15 years ago compared to women who have never used OCs. Women who stopped using OCs at least 15 years ago appeared to have a risk similar to never users. >>> Inner-city African American women who failed to receive cancer screening following a culturally-appropriate intervention: the role of health insuranceWomen who completed a culturally appropriate home educational intervention and followup interviews by health workers were less likely to be poor, more likely to be living with a regular partner, more likely to be employed, and to have finished high school. Cancer screening was increasingly likely when health insurance coverage was private rather than Medicaid - Medicare. >>> Breast cancer screening: stages of adoption among Cambodian Amencan womenA survey of breast-cancer-screening of Cambodian American women revealed a statistically significant higher association with stages of screening adoption for those who had Asian-American female physicians or non-Asian physicians of either gender, than women with Asian-American male physicians. >>> Comparison of potential biological markers cathespin B, cathespin L, stefin A and stefin B with urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-l and with clinicopathological data of breast carcinoma patientsHigh levels of urokinase activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and low levels of stefin B correlated significantly with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than cyteine cathepsin B, cathepsin L and their inhibitors stefin A. In lymphnode-negative patients, cyteine cathepsin B and cathepsin L were also associated with shorter DFS. >>> The active fraction of plasmatic plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 as a possible indicator of increased risk for metastatic melanomaA reduction in the active fraction of plasmatic plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI1) was associated with primary melanoma (PM) or advanced melanoma (AM), and a value of less than 44% active PAI1 seemed to be indicative of metastatic melanoma. There was no statistically significant difference in total PAI1 levels between controls and patients with PM or AM. >>> Detection of micrometastatic cells in breast cancer by RT - PCRThe mammaglobin gene was evaluated as a marker for detection of epithelial cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood of breast cancer patients by use of reverse transcriptase PCR. The mammaglobin gene appeared to be a sensitive and specific marker for detecting micrometastatic cells in breast cancer. >>> c-erbB-2 protein in serum of primnry lung cancer patientsA preliminary survival analysis of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients suggested a possible association between high c-erbB-2 concentration and a lower survival. However, results indicated that serum c-erbB-2 protein was not a reliable diagnostic marker. >>> KAI1/CD82 protein expression in primary prostate cancer and in BPH associated with cancerIncreased protein levels of the metatstasis suppressor gene KAI1 were observed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated with prostate cancer compared to BPH not associated with prostate cancer. In poorly differentiated cancer, KAI1 levels appeared to fall towards levels in BPH not associated with cancer. KAI1 expression at high levels may indicate that the protection from development of metastasis is greater than at low levels. >>> The influence of dietary iron and tocopherols on oxidative stress and ras-p21 levels in the colonRats fed a diet of alpha-tocopherol (AE) had higher levels of vitamin E in feces than rats fed gamma-tocopherol (GE) diets. Dietary iron did not influence tocopherol levels in plasma, liver or feces, but high levels of iron increased fecal lipid hydroperoxides (FLH). FLH levels and expression of ras-p21 in the colon were reduced by GE to a greater extent than by AE. >>> Effects of bile acids on base hydroxylation in a model of human colonic mucosal DNAIn the presence of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), bile salts at micromolar concentrations increased production of 8-OH adenine and 8-OH guanine and enhanced DNA damage, whereas bile salts at millimolar concentrations inhibited ROM-induced base hydroxylation in mucosal DNA. >>>
Herbert E. Nieburgs, MD |
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